Hi Everyone,

As we approach the Christmas Season we see the kaleidoscope of fall colors as the world transforms around us. Whether it is due to us having more moisture than last year, the Fall storms having not knocked down the leaves or perhaps it’s just my imagination, this year’s colors seem more vivid than they have been in recent years past.

Make sure to enjoy the colors while they last, for soon they will be but a fleeting memory as the landscape goes into hibernation. Make sure to make some good memories that last!

One memory you can make is your memory of attending the ALERT Christmas Party which will occur Tuesday December 11th at 7PM during our regular meeting time, following our Fall Board of Directors which will be at 6PM.

There will be food, non-alcoholic drinks, desserts and goodies. Come have Christmas dinner with your ALERT family!

We hope to see you there!

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Emergency Contact Information Form

The following form was originally created for outdoor recreational use, for someone hunting, hiking or camping to leave with a trusted contact person, whether a friend, Park Ranger or other authority to let them know where you are going, when you should return and any other pertinent information.

It is was written with the knowledge that no one will ever be looking for you if no one knows you are lost or overdue to begin with.

I remember my young “I’m grown, I don’t need to tell folk where I’m going” days. But, after I actually DID grow up I realized what a dumb attitude that was to have.

This form can be copied and pasted into a Word document and then easily modified for individual uses and needs and is designed to provide critical information to rescuers and first responders.

I encourage everyone to make it their own, modify it to suit you and your family’s needs and keep it with your vital records and with a trusted contact person.

It could save your life some day.

Emergency Contact Information

Name: ___________________________________________________

SEX: (M/F) Height: _______________ Weight: _______________ Age: _______________

Ethnicity: _____________ Hair Color: __________ Eye Color: _________ Blood Type: _______

Known Allergies: ______________________________________________________________________

Known Medications: ____________________________________________________________________

Health Issues: _________________________________________________________________________

Distinguishing Marks: ___________________________________________________________________

Known Languages: _____________________________________________________________________

CONTACTS:
Telephone (Home) ___________________________ Telephone (Other) __________________________

Spouse, Next Of Kin or Primary Contact: ____________________

Telephone: _____________________ E-Mail: _______________________________

Telephone: _____________________ E-Mail: _______________________________

*Destination Details: _____________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________

Expected Arrival Date: ______________ Expected Arrival Time: _____________

Expected Return Date: ______________ Expected Return Time: _____________

Local Police Telephone: _____________________ Park / Other Services: ______________________

Local Rescue Services: ______________________ Other / Misc: ______________________________

<ATTACH A PHOTO>

When including the “NAME”, also include the “nickname” or whatever name they are commonly called. If they are named “Leonard” but have been called “Crawdad” since age five note this on the form, as this may evoke a response when calling them by their “proper name” may not.

This is especially true in the cases of children.

According to survival and search and rescue expert J Wayne Fears one problem rescuers have encountered with children is that they have been taught all their lives (and rightly so) “don’t talk to strangers, even if they call your name.” So there have been cases where rescuers walked right past a lost child who was hiding in the bushes who heard strangers calling their names, in this case rescuers, but, were afraid to say anything.

Another somewhat related problem was with adults who were lost and wanting to be found, but, started thinking too much about the grief they were going to have to deal with at work and at home for “having gotten themselves lost” and so they would hide from their rescuers.

As to “HIEGHT”, “WIEGHT”, and “AGE” be honest. In my mind’s eye I am a tall, buff, young clone of Tom Sellick, but, the flabby old wrinkled body I see in the mirror tells a slightly different tale.

The rest of the information is self-explanatory, and in any case as I say you can modify this in any way you choose.

Finally, when it comes to the photograph to attach, use a current one that actually looks like you look.

Leave the photo shopped “Glam shots” out. Now I didn’t say use one that makes you look like a gargoyle, like the DMV does, unless of course you actually do look like a gargoyle.

Just keep it realistic where you actually look like your Wanted poster.

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Mark’s Almanac

December was the tenth Roman Month, from whence it gets its name, “decem” meaning “ten”. Among many Native American tribes it was called “the Moon of Clacking Rocks”, as it was the time when they prepared and manufactured stone tools, implements and weapons, since the growing season was over, and bad weather prevented them from hunting.

December is the cloudiest month of the year, with only 40 to 60% of possible sunshine poking through the clouds. It is also the stormiest month of the year for the Continental US & the Gulf of Mexico. By “stormy” meaning large-scale storms, not necessarily the tornadic storms that they bring, even though we are still in our Second Tornado Season.

A region of heavy rainfall usually forms from Texas to Northwest Florida to Tennessee and Arkansas. Cold waves bringing rain, snow, ice and occasionally tornadoes, sweep across the region.

Average precipitation in Birmingham is 4.47” of rainfall and 0.1” of snowfall.

December can be cloudy and cold, and, then it can swing into spring like warmth, luring plants to bloom early, only to have the frosts and freezes return and the plants are “nipped in the bud”.

Hurricane season is now “officially” over, however Mother Nature sometimes throws a surprise in to make life interesting.

From 1851 – 2017 there have been 17 Tropical Storms and from 1822 to 2017 there have been 8 Category 1 hurricanes, but, none have ever struck the United States.

Two notable December hurricanes are:

Hurricane Alice of 1954, which is the only known Atlantic hurricane to span two calendar years and one of only two named Atlantic tropical cyclones, along with Tropical Storm Zeta of 2005, to do so.

Alice developed on December 30, 1954 from a trough of low pressure in the central Atlantic Ocean in an area of unusually favorable conditions. The storm moved southwestward and gradually strengthened to reach hurricane status. After passing through the Leeward Islands on January 2, 1955, Alice reached peak winds of 90 mph before encountering cold air and turning to the southeast. It dissipated on January 6 over the southeastern Caribbean Sea.

The last December hurricane to occur was Hurricane Epsilon during the 2005 season, the year in which we ran out of hurricane names. The year also featured Tropical Storm Zeta, the latest forming Tropical Storm which formed on December 30, 2005 and lasted until January 7, 2006.

Days continue to grow shorter as the Sun’s angle above the noonday horizon steadily decreases from 34.6 degrees at the beginning of the month to 33.0 degrees at Winter Solstice on December 21 and then the angle begins to lift reaching 33.4 degrees on New Year’s Eve,

Daylight decreases from 10 hours 6 minutes on December 1 to 9 hours 56 minutes at Winter Solstice and then increases to 9 hours 58 minutes on December 31

Sunrise and Sunset times for Birmingham are:

December 1 Sunrise 6:33 AM Sunset 4:39 PM
December 15 Sunrise 6:44 AM Sunset 4:41 PM
December 21 Sunrise 6:47 AM Sunset 4:44 PM
December 31 Sunrise 6:51 AM Sunset 4:50 PM

The Average High & Low Temperatures are:

December 1 High 60 degrees Low 38 degrees
December 15 High 56 degrees Low 35 degrees
December 31 High 53 degrees Low 33 degrees

Record High 80 degrees in 1951
Record Low 1 degree in 1962 & 1989

Looking towards the sky, at the beginning of the month Mercury is hidden deep in the glow of sunrise. He then begins emerging into the eastern sky and reaches his highest point above the horizon or “Greatest Western Elongation” on December 15, when he will be 21.3 degrees above the horizon.

Look for the planet low in the eastern sky just before sunrise.

On December 21 he will be sitting side by side with Jupiter.

Venus, magnitude -4.7, in Virgo near the star Spica, rises as an eerie “UFO” above the east-southeast horizon a good two hours before the first light of dawn. As dawn arrives, Venus is the brilliant “Morning Star” dominating the southeast.

In a telescope Venus is a shrinking but thickening crescent, waxing from 20% to 25%. For the sharpest telescopic views, follow her up higher after sunrise into the blue sky of the morning sky.

Mars, magnitude – 0.1, in Aquarius, shines high in the south at nightfall and sets around midnight.

Jupiter is hidden behind the glare of the Sun.

Saturn, magnitude +0.6, in Sagittarius, is very low in the southwest in twilight and sets around the end of twilight.

Uranus, magnitude +5.7, near the Aries-Pisces border is high in the Southeast by early evening.

Neptune, magnitude +7.9 in Aquarius is high in the south in the early evenings.

3838 planets beyond our solar system have now been confirmed as of November 15, per NASA’s Exoplanet Archive http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/

New Moon occurs December 7 at 07:20 UTC or 1:20 AM CST when the Moon will on the same side of the Earth as the Sun and will not be visible in the night sky. This is the best time of the month to observe faint objects such as galaxies and star clusters because there is no moonlight to interfere.

The Moon will be at Apogee or its farthest distance from Earth on December 12, when she will be 251765 miles from Earth.
The Geminid Meteor Shower peaks on December 13-14. Geminids are one of the year’s best meteor showers. It is my favorite meteor shower. It’s a consistent and prolific shower, and usually the most satisfying of all the annual showers, even surpassing the more widely recognized Perseids of August. This shower typically produces 50 or more multicolored meteors an hour, or about one every minute.

As a general rule, the dazzling Geminid meteor shower starts around mid-evening and tends to pick up steam as evening deepens into late night. No matter where you live worldwide, the greatest number of meteors usually fall in the wee hours after midnight, or for a few hours centered around 2 a.m. local time. If you’re game, you can watch the Geminid shower all the way from mid-evening until dawn.

The first quarter moon will set shortly after midnight leaving dark skies for what should be an excellent early morning show.

The Geminids are produced by debris left behind by an asteroid known as 3200 Phaethon, which was discovered in 1982. The shower runs annually from December 7-17. It peaks this year on the night of the 13th and morning of the 14th.

Best viewing will be from a dark location after midnight. Meteors will radiate from the constellation Gemini, but can appear anywhere in the sky.

If it should prove cloudy you can see the meteors live via VHF radar at http://www.meteorscan.com/meteor-live.html

This site updates every 60 seconds. In a typical meteor event the trace starts high in frequency, towards right of graph and rapidly drops to the radar carrier frequency as the meteor decelerates in the atmosphere, increasing in strength as the ionization increases as the meteor burns up. This creates a spiked or triangular shape. If the image looks like a forest of spikes and triangles it’s space junk reentering and if looks like a toothy saw blade it is picking up terrestrial signals via tropospheric ducting or sporadic E propagation as terrestrial signals are reflected off of clouds of ionized gas 55 to 100 miles up.

The blue region you will see is the baseline atmospheric noise.

Or you can listen to the meteors as they enter at https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-OBOKtrmdEU

What you will hear are signals being received in Washington DC as they are being reflected by the meteors ion trails. The reflected signals are actually analog TV stations in Canada on Channel 2, around 55.24 MHz, or based on availability and propagation on Channel 3, around 61.260 MHz.

Last but not least is the Canadian Meteor Orbit Radar https://fireballs.ndc.nasa.gov/cmor-radiants/

This is 3 station HF / VHF meteor radar operating at frequencies of 17.450, 29.850 and 38.150 MHz near Tavistock, Ontario Canada, which records an average 2500 meteoroid orbits or tracks per day.

As the shower is in progress an object will be ever so slowly moving from the South towards Taurus the Bull.

On December 16, if one looks between the V shaped Hyades star cluster, which makes up the face of Taurus the Bull and the Pleiades star cluster, which looks a tiny version of the Big Dipper, one should see a greenish blob, which will be 3.5 magnitude Comet 46P / Wirtanen.

Wirtanen, (pronounced WERE – tuh – nun) was discovered on January 17, 1948 by Carl Wirtanen at the Lick Observatory. Since then, it has been observed on every approach except for its 1980 passage, when it was drowned out by the glare of the Sun.

This comet is a “short-period comet” with a 5.4 year orbit around the Sun. At its farthest extent its orbit reaches Jupiter, whose gravitational field as altered the comets orbit, such as in 1972 and 1984, when the planet gravity accelerated the comets speed, which decreased the comets orbit from 6.65 to 5.87 years in 1972 and then from 5.87 years to 5.50 years in 1984.

On its closest orbital approach to the Sun it comes close to Earth’s orbit, but, usually while the Earth is at another point of her orbit, which is why this approach or “apparition” is unique, as the comet will be very close, comet wise, to the Earth, at 7.7 million miles, or 30 Lunar distances.

The comet will have just made its closes approach to the Sun four days earlier, so it will be at near peak brightest.

With the comet passing just after a First Quarter Moon which won’t overly interfere, its brightness and it being the 10th closest comet in modern times means should it reach magnitude 3 which theoretically will be visible even in the city, which allows only 3rd magnitude and brighter objects to be seen. If it doesn’t reach magnitude 3, then you will need to go to a dark sky away from city lights as these darker skies allow objects of magnitude 6 to be visible.

In the most optimistic scenario, it could remain at naked eye brightness for several weeks as it cruises higher in the night sky, being visible most of the night.

That’s the good news. Here’s the bad. Comets can be too close to the Earth to be impressive. If they are too close the light is too diffuse, like an out of focus light. One source says it will be about as bright as the faintest star in the Big Dipper. Adding to the misery is with this comet the “coma” or head of the comet will be pointing directly at the Earth, so the tail will be mostly invisible.

But, still, it’s a comet and they don’t happen every day, or night, so give it a try.

I will say that comets are more binocular objects than telescope objects, as light gathering power is far more important than magnification.

7 x 35 binoculars are better than 10 x 50’s, but, both should work well.

If all goes well and it doesn’t rain for a week, as has been known to happen, this will be the sixth or seventh comet I will have seen. These include Comets West, Halley, Hale-Bopp, Hyakutaki, Catalina and perhaps Comet Ison.

1976’s Comet West, a gem of beauty, benefited from a power failure which darkened the Western half of Birmingham, an occurrence about which I did not complain. In the case of Comet 2013’s Ison, I saw an object that looked as it should have looked, when it should have been there, located where it should have been located in the fading dusk. But, was it the comet or a distant jet contrail pointing directly away from the set Sun mimicking the comet? It didn’t move, which makes me think “comet”, but, was it?

Not being sure, I count it as a “maybe”.

Winter Solstice will be December 21 at 22:23 UTC or 4:23 PM CST. The South Pole of the earth will be tilted toward the Sun, which will have reached its southernmost position in the sky and will be directly over the Tropic of Capricorn at 23.44 degrees south latitude. This is the first day of winter in the Northern Hemisphere and the first day of summer in the Southern Hemisphere.

The Ursid meteor shower, a minor meteor shower, which runs annually from December 17-25 will peak on the night and morning of December 21 – 22 producing about 5-10 meteors per hour. It is produced by dust grains left behind by comet Tuttle, which was first discovered in 1790.

This year the glare from the Full Moon will hide all but the brightest meteors. If you are extremely patient, you might still be able to catch a few good ones.

Best viewing will be just after midnight from a dark location far away from city lights. Meteors will radiate from the constellation Ursa Minor, but can appear anywhere in the sky.

The Moon will be at Perigee or its closest approach to Earth on December 24, when she will be 224,352 miles from Earth.

’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’

Christmas

Christmas is my favorite time of the year.

Christmastime is a time of wonder & mystery. A time of bright lights, shining trees and the time of hide and seek, as presents are hid from inquiring minds and fingers.

A time when one’s mind and memories drift back to days of childhood, and Christmases now long gone by. Remembering friends and family, some here, some now gone & longing that they were near once again, as it was once upon a time not so long ago. And, it is a time when, if we allow ourselves and don’t choose to “Grinch out” and be sour pusses, we can become kids once again.

Most importantly though, it’s a time to remember that the true “reason for the season” occurred in a manger, long ago on that first cold and chilly “Silent Night.”

So as you go about your Christmas preparations remember the magic that was there when you were a child & don’t let that magic die. Make it magic once again

For Christmas truly is “the most wonderful time of the year”.

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Remember that this is YOUR newsletter. Articles and suggestions for this newsletter are welcome and needed. Please consider sending an article, preferably amateur radio, meteorological or EMCOMM related.

Thanks!

This month’s meeting will feature the ALERT Christmas Party on December 11 at 1PM at the National Weather Service Forecast office at the Shelby County Airport.

Hope to see you there!

Mark / WD4NYL
Editor
ALERT Newsletter
Wd4nyl@bellsouth.net

Hi everyone,

I hope this finds you well.

The colors of Fall are brightening all around us, which is one of the “treats” of the seasons.
The “trick” of the season is that we have now entered our second tornado season.

So, this is a good time to review your emergency plans and check your emergency equipment.

Are you still ready?

Ask yourselves these simple questions.

Can you receive weather warnings? This includes at home, at work and on the road, even with a power outage.

Do you have a place where you can take shelter at home, at work or on the road?

And, if a tornado strikes near you, do you know what to do?

Is your emergency equipment still ready? This includes radios, supplies, kits and tools.

These are questions that need to be asked and any necessary actions taken.

You and your family’s life depend on it. For though ALERT responds to the NWS to take storm reports, our primary responsibility is to take care of ourselves, our families and then our community.

So take time to learn about disaster preparedness. Think about what you will do if “it” happens to you. Educate your family, friends, coworkers and neighbors as to what they can do and why they should prepare also.

If your message meets unreceptive ears, don’t worry. Those little seeds of knowledge can grow into large trees. And, knowledge saves lives.

And, saving lives is what we are in “the business” for.

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The Mythological F6 Tornado?

May 27, 1997 started unremarkably in South Central Texas, but, it would soon become a date etched into the meteorological history books.

As is the ways of the ocean of air in which we live, the potions brewed in the Witches Cauldron of Circumstances that made conditions ripe for a tornado outbreak.

So it was that at 12:54 AM CDT the Storm Prediction Center in Norman Oklahoma issued Tornado Watch 338 which was effective from 1:15 PM to 7:00 PM CDT, which included Williamson County Texas.

At 3:30 PM the NWS Austin/San Antonio Weather Forecast Office, also known as NWSFO EWX, issued a Tornado Warning for Williamson County until 7:00 PM, stating “At 3:25 PM a tornadic thunderstorm was located 5 miles west of Jarral (sic) moving southeast at 10 MPH. This storm has had a history of producing tornadoes and large hail. The city of Jarrel (sic) is in the path of this storm.”

Between 3:15 and 3:20 what was to become known as the “Jarrell TX Tornado” formed as a F0 or F1 tornado and rapidly intensified (explosively is the term the NOAA report used) and touched down as a thin pencil-like tornado near the Bell-Williamson County line.

Even though the Jarrell storm was producing a mesocyclone and a violent tornado, the radar reflectivity field did not show a distinct hook echo directly preceding the tornado. A small hook was apparent on the Granger radar data after the tornadic circulation developed. The NOAA report stated “Although most supercells contain mesocyclones on the right rear flank with respect to storm motion, the mesocyclones on this day were located on the front flank (southwest quadrant) as they moved slowly south-southwestward. The difference in mesocyclone location was probably due to enhanced southwestward propagation along the boundary. Despite the fact that the reflectivity features were not typical and could have somewhat confused a radar interpreter, the rotational signals were clear and easy to follow.”

Although still thin, it was already powerful. It scoured a cotton field down to a depth of 18 inches. Next, it moved on to a wheat field, plucking out the wheat shafts by the millions and then propelling these million arrows and impaling the 300 cows that were in the field beyond that. Its funnel rapidly intensified into a violent ¾ mile wide multiple vortex tornado at around 3:45 pm CDT.

At 3:48 pm CDT the tornado struck the Double Creek Estates neighborhood in the northwestern portion of Jarrell, as a slow-moving wedge tornado, moving only 15 MPH, subjecting the neighborhood to prolonged tornadic winds.

The storm scoured and vacuumed up 18 – 24 inches of topsoil, debarked and shredded trees, snapped power poles at their bases, then the slow-moving wedge tornado completely destroyed
all 38 houses including houses well-constructed and bolted to their foundations, leaving only slab foundations. Cars were picked up, sandblasted, torn into pieces and thrown long distances, some more than half a mile. Some of the vehicles were blasted into many pieces and strewn across fields. Other vehicles were never found at all. Nearby vehicles that remained relatively intact were sandblasted down to their frames, flattened and completely caked with mud and grass.

So were the victims. The tornado victims sustained such extreme physical trauma that recovery teams had difficulty distinguishing human remains and body parts from animal remains scattered throughout the area. Many of the human remains were never recovered at all.

Those few who did miraculously survive stated it was like being inside a vacuum cleaner.

One lady said she was riding a mower on her lawn when she saw the tornado bearing down on her. She ran inside her home, grabbed a blanket, jumped into a bathtub and pulled the blanket over her head. The house blew apart around her, and the storm pushed her violently for hundreds of feet, eventually tossing her out of the bathtub. When it passed, she was badly bruised and cut, but still alive.

The tornado produced some of the most extreme ground scouring ever documented. When the tornado crossed county roads CR 308, CR 305, and then CR 307, approximately 525 feet of asphalt was ripped off each of the roadways and pieces of concrete were chipped out of their slabs.
.
A small-steel frame recycling facility was completely leveled, leaving nothing of the structure at all but the foundation and a few mangled steel beams.

The tornado was so fierce that it left virtually no sizable debris. This produced a problem in judging its strength, as the tornado left no damage indicators with which to judge higher winds, but video of the tornado shows extremely violent rotation and updraft winds comparable to other F5 tornados.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yc1O1d_7HPU

The original Fujita Scale in use from 1971 to 2007 started at F0 with wind speeds from 40 – 72 MPH or “Light Damage” to F5 with wind speeds of 261 – 318 MPH or “Incredible Damage”. Dr. Fujita intended that F0 through F5 be used in practice, but, included F6, which he phrased as “inconceivable tornado”, to allow for wind speeds exceeding F5 or more specifically from from 318 to 372 MPH and for possible future advancements in damage analysis. The original scale actually went up to F12 to Mach 1 the speed of sound, 738 MPH. The scale was originally designed to bridge gap between the Beaufort Scale used to judge wind speeds since the days of sailing ships and the Mach scale of supersonic speeds.

Newspaper articles from 1997 reported wind speeds from 400 – 500 mph, a later paper by the University of Wisconsin stated 260 MPH. In truth there is no way of knowing the true wind speed of this tornado.

Many tornado researchers, after reviewing aerial damage photographs of Double Creek Estates, considered the Jarrell storm to be the most violent tornado they had ever seen in terms of damage intensity. In fact it is said Dr. Fujita felt this was the closest to an F6 as you could get, but, it was unprovable.

The Enhanced Fujita Scale we now use leaves EF5 as open ended, for at the higher end wind speeds of an EF5 it becomes impossible to determine the wind speed based on the damage pattern, as the destruction becomes too great.

One particularly sad note concerned Amateur Radio.

In NOAA’s “Service Assessment, The Central Texas Tornadoes of May 27, 1997” it states:

“Facts, Findings and Recommendations

A. Observations

Finding 1:
The amateur radio base station at NWSFO EWX was not activated for Tornado Watch #338. The NWSFO EWX did try to contact the amateur radio coordinator for Tornado Watch #340 but could not raise him. They also could not contact a backup coordinator. No one on duty at NWSFO EWX knew how to turn on the amateur radio equipment for passive monitoring. Therefore, vital spotter information was not received via this amateur radio link. A meteorologist intern at NWSFO EWX indicated he did receive one report via a phone call from an amateur radio operator.

Recommendation 1:
Personnel at NWSFO EWX should be trained in how to turn on the amateur radio equipment so that they can at least hear reports, even if the network is not activated. NWSFO EWX should also work with the amateur radio coordinator on backup procedures for contacting key people in impending emergencies.”

https://www.weather.gov/media/publications/assessments/jarrell.pdf (23rd page of PDF, 15th page of report)

The lesson for groups such as ours is the NWS REALLY DOES need and value amateur radio assistance during severe weather. This may seem obvious, but, in today’s world of smartphones, wall-to-wall TV coverage and the plethora of social media routes, amateur radio can sometimes seem like an archaic relic to some. In truth our role is just as vital today as it was in 1997 or at any time in past. They consider us a vital resource, not necessary nuisance.

Whether it is used during hurricane relief, earthquake aftermaths or storm spotting and post storm response, amateur radio plays a crucial role that cannot be overstated.

“When all else fails there is amateur radio” is a true truism.

It’s our job to make sure amateur radio doesn’t fail.

We do this by volunteering, keeping current in our training and not being lulled to sleep when the quiet times come and by remaining “reachable” when we are needed during an emergency.

For as surely as the sun rises in the east, the time will come when you will receive the words “NWS Requests Callout”.

It is our job to be ready.

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Mark’s Almanac

With the arrival of November we enter our second tornado season. Alabama and the Southeast are “blessed” by being the only area on Earth having two tornado seasons. And, the cause of the second season is the same as the spring season – clashes of cold and warm air masses. The cold air of winter is invading and trying to push the warmth of the summer back into the sea, which is the same process of springtime.

This second season is often more destructive than the spring season. From 1951 to 2016 there have been 267 November tornadoes in Alabama resulting in 53 fatalities and 1123 injuries. The third largest tornado outbreak occurred on November 24 – 25 2001 when 36 tornadoes occurred and 21 tornadoes occurred during the outbreak of November 23 – 24 2004.

November was Alabama’s leading tornado month from 2001 to 2011 until the dual outbreaks of April 15 and April 27 2011 erased that record.

So beware of a warm & muggy November day. Especially one with a south wind, as something may really be “in the air”.

The Hurricane threat greatly diminishes, with hurricane activity occurring mainly in the open Atlantic, threatening the Eastern Seaboard, but usually veering off into sea as cold fronts off the East Coast deflect them. Hurricanes can still form in the Caribbean, which usually visit the Yucatan, but can enter the Gulf.

From 1851 – 2017 there have been 90 Tropical Storms and 59 hurricanes, 5 of which made landfall in the United States.

Some notable November hurricanes are:

The 1932 Cuba hurricane, known also as the Hurricane of Santa Cruz del Sur or the 1932 Camagüey Hurricane. Although forming as a tropical depression on October 30, it became the only Category 5 Atlantic hurricane ever recorded in November, and was the deadliest and one of the most intense tropical cyclones in Cuban history. On November 6, the tropical cyclone reached its peak intensity as a Category 5 hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 175 mph. The storm weakened to Category 4 intensity as it came ashore in Cuba’s Camagüey Province on November 9 with winds of 150 mph. The storm took 3,033 lives.

Hurricane Ida, in 2009 was the strongest land falling tropical cyclone during the 2009 Atlantic hurricane season. Ida formed on November 4 in the southwestern Caribbean, and within 24 hours struck the Nicaragua coast with winds of 80 mph. It weakened significantly over land, although it restrengthened in the Yucatán Channel to peak winds of 105 mph. Ida weakened and became an extratropical cyclone in the northern Gulf of Mexico before spreading across the southeastern United States. The remnants of Ida contributed to the formation of a nor’easter that significantly affected the eastern coast of the United States.

1985’s Hurricane Kate was the latest Hurricane in any calendar year to strike the United States.
Kate formed on November, 15 and reached hurricane intensity on November 16, and reached Category 2 intensity three days later. Kate struck the northern coast of Cuba on November 19. Once clear of land, she strengthened quickly, becoming a Category 3 storm and reached its peak intensity of 120 mph. On November 21 Kate came ashore near Mexico Beach, Florida, as Category 2 hurricane with winds of 100 mph.

Hurricane Lenny, or Wrong Way Lenny, occurred in 1999. It is the second-strongest November Atlantic hurricane on record, behind the 1932 Cuba hurricane. Lenny formed on November 13 in the western Caribbean Sea and moved retrograde from the West to East passing South of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico. He reached hurricane status south of Jamaica on November 15 and rapidly intensified over the northeastern Caribbean on November 17, attaining peak winds of 155 mph near Saint Croix in the United States Virgin Islands. It gradually weakened while moving through the Leeward Islands, eventually dissipating on November 23 over the open Atlantic Ocean.

1994’s Hurricane Gordon claimed 1122 lives in Haiti when it passed just west of the country as a tropical storm on November 13, 1994.

Both the Atlantic and Pacific Hurricane seasons ends November 30.

Figure 2 – November Tropical Cyclone Breeding Grounds

Days rapidly grow shorter as the Sun’s angle above the noonday horizon steadily decreases from 40.9 degrees at the beginning of the month to 34.8 degrees at the month’s end. Daylight decreases from 10 hours 40 minutes on November 1 to 10 hours 07 minutes on November 30.

Sunrise and sunset times for Birmingham are:

November 1 Sunrise 7:06 AM Sunset 5:55 PM
November 15 Sunrise 6:19 AM Sunset 4:45 PM – After Daylight Savings Time Ends
November 31 Sunrise 6:33 AM Sunset 4:39 PM

The blooms of summer have faded, but you may find yourself still sneezing, due to ragweed and mold.

Mold is a fall allergy trigger. You may think of mold growing in your basement or bathroom – damp areas in the house – but mold spores also love wet spots outside. Piles of damp leaves are ideal breeding grounds for mold.

Oh, and did I mention dust mites? While they are common during the humid summer months, they can get stirred into the air the first time you turn on your heat in the fall. Dust mites can trigger sneezes, wheezes, and runny noses.

November welcomes the peak of fall colors. For Birmingham the peak occurs around November 15, but the date can vary depending on your elevation & latitude.

Indian Summer and Squaw Winter continue to battle it out, but the cool or cold weather will eventually win, with the first average frost being on November 11.

The usual fall effects occur in North America with Canada’s Hudson Bay becoming unnavigable due to pack ice & icebergs. Navigation in the Great Lakes becomes perilous due to storms bringing the “Gales Of November” made famous in the Gordon Lightfoot song “The Wreck Of The Edmund Fitzgerald”.

And, don’t be surprised if you hear ducks overhead & see wedges of Canadian geese heading south for the winter. And if you see strange birds appearing in your front yard, remember that for 336 species of birds Alabama IS south for the winter.

Looking towards the sky, Mercury magnitude -0.2, will be at his highest altitude above the Western Horizon, or “Greatest Eastern Elongation” on November 6, when he will be 23.3 degrees above the Sun. This is the best time to view Mercury since it will be at its highest point above the horizon in the evening sky. Look for the planet low in the western sky just after sunset.

On 8 November, Mercury will be very the new crescent moon in the western evening sky immediately after sunset.

On November 11, if one observes Mercury through a telescope, the planet will resemble a half lit first quarter moon, a phase also called “dichotomy”.

As the month progresses he will sink into the sunset, becoming invisible by November 19.

On November 27 Mercury will be at “Inferior Conjunction” as he moves between the Earth and the Sun.

Two days later on November 27, he will be at the closest distance to the Sun in his 88 day orbit, or he “Perihelion”.

Venus, just over 2.3 light minutes from Earth, is hidden in the glow of the sunrise at the beginning of the month, and then emerges into the eastern morning sky. A very old crescent moon may be seen above the dawn alongside Venus on November 6.

Venus will then get progressively higher each morning above the Eastern horizon.

We often take for granted that Venus is one of the most constant fixtures in our night sky, shining brightly in the mornings and evenings. Venus occasionally becomes the third brightest object in the sky after the sun and moon, and one of these times will be on the morning of November 29th.

Mars is growing dimmer as his distance increases from Earth, at magnitude -0.6. He shines highest in the south just after the end of twilight and continues to set around 1 AM.

On November 11 he will move from Capricornus into Aquarius. The First Quarter Moon passes near Mars on 15 November, passing 1 angular degree from the Red Planet

In a telescope Mars is 86% sunlit and is as gibbous as we ever see it.

Jupiter, magnitudes –1.7 in Libra is very low after sunset, just above the southwest horizon in bright twilight.

On November 2 Jupiter and Mercury will sit side by side above the Western horizon, with Mercury to the left. Binoculars will help.

Jupiter then moves into the glow of the Sun and will pass behind the far side of the Sun, or be in Superior Conjunction on November 26.

Saturn, magnitude +0.6, in Sagittarius glows yellow in the South-Southwest in late twilight.

Uranus shines at magnitude 5.7, near the Aries-Pisces border in the Southeastern sky soon after nightfall. He is a mere 2.6 light hours away.

Neptune shining at magnitude 7.8, in Aquarius is also well up in the southeastern side of the sky soon after nightfall. He is currently 4.2 light hours away.

One thing that occasionally crosses my mind during flights of fancy and day dreaming is that since I’ve been a ham nearly 41 years, it is theoretically possible that some fleeting trace of the pulses of young Mark’s first shaky CW signal has actually reached one of the 81 star systems visible to the naked eye 41 light years away. Not to mention the nearly 1000 fainter systems lying there.

If that doesn’t spark an alien invasion, nothing will.

Our Sun from the farthest planet within this range appears as a faint 5.8 magnitude star to the many tentacled purple creatures buggish eyes – all 16 of them. As he, she or it wonders “is there anyone else out there?”

New Moon will occur November 7. The Moon will be located on the same side of the Earth as the Sun and will not be visible in the night sky. This phase occurs at 16:02 UTC or 10:02 AM CST. This is the best time of the month to observe faint objects such as galaxies and star clusters because there is no moonlight to interfere.

In Europe on the evening of November 12, at 6:27 PM, the moon will “Occult” or pass in front of Pluto, as observed in London.

The Moon will be at Apogee or its farthest distance from Earth on November 14, when she will be 251246 miles from Earth.

The annual Leonid meteor shower occurs from November 6 – 30 and peaks on the night of November 17 & the morning of the 18th. Though the Leonids are an “average shower”, producing only an average of 15 meteors per hour, they are well known for producing bright meteors and fireballs.

This shower is also unique in that it has a cyclonic peak about every 33 years where hundreds of meteors per hour can be seen. That last of these occurred in 2001. The Leonids are produced by dust grains left behind by Comet Tempel-Tuttle, which was discovered in 1865.

Its productivity varies per year, but it can deposit 12 to 13 tons of particles across the planet. Which is why having an atmosphere to shield us is such a nifty thing.

The waxing gibbous moon will set shortly after midnight leaving fairly dark skies for what could be a good early morning show. Best viewing will be from a dark location after midnight. Meteors will radiate from the constellation Leo, but can appear anywhere in the sky.

Full Moon will occur at 05:40 UTC or 12:40 AM CST November 23. November’s Full Moon is called “Beaver Moon” in Native American folklore, because this was the time of year to set the beaver traps before the swamps and rivers froze. It has also been known as the Frosty Moon and the Hunter’s Moon.

The Moon will be at Perigee or its closest approach to Earth on November 26, when she will be 227,809 miles or one and one quarter Light Seconds from Earth.

3826 planets beyond our solar system have now been confirmed as of October 26, per NASA’s Exoplanet Archive http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/.

Unfortunately one of the prime tools used to detect these worlds, the Kepler Space Telescope, which discovered 70% of these worlds, has ended its mission after 13 years, having finally run out of fuel.

Gladly there are years of data still to be reviewed and another 2900 possible planets to be vetted, most of which are expected to prove to be real.

Finally, don’t forget to set your clocks back one hour at 2 AM, Sunday morning November 4th, as Daylight Savings Time ends.

Remember that according to the National Time Act of 2014 states you MUST wait until 2 AM to reset your clocks, or you will be in violation of Section 15, Paragraph 114, Subset 195485 (24(234b)) (see page 4537) of said act.

Would I lie?

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This month’s meeting will be on November 13 at 7PM at the National Weather Service Forecast office at the Shelby County Airport.

If for some reason you cannot attend the meeting in person, you can still participate via telephone. The teleconference number is 1-877-951-0997 & and the participant code is 741083.
Hope to see you there!
Mark / WD4NYL
Editor
ALERT Newsletter

wd4nyl@bellsouth.net

www.freewebs.com/weatherlynx/

Mark’s Weatherlynx
Weather Resource Database

Hi everyone and welcome to the October ALERT Newsletter.

Fall has arrived and with it we can look forward to the changing of the fall leaves, the occasional nip in the air, and the Hobgoblins that will visit us at the end of the month.

October is a fun time of the year, being not too hot and not too cold – the “Goldilocks” of seasons.

It is a time to enjoy fall football, the baseball playoffs and the last outdoor adventures of the year.

Here is hoping that you enjoy the days that this season brings, and the pretty weather October brings. Letting you rest before the storms of Fall.

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National Weather Service 25th Anniversary Open House

In celebration of the 25th Anniversary of the opening of the Birmingham NWS Forecast Office at the Shelby County Airport, the NWS will be hosting an open house Sunday October 27 from 10 AM to 3 PM.

The public is invited to see the operations area, meet the staff and look at a variety of displays from local first responders and core government and private partners.

Things to Do

There are activities for the whole family to enjoy at the Open House. Come prepared to learn about weather safety and preparedness in fun and exciting ways. The little ones are encouraged to come dressed in their Halloween costumes ready for some trick-or-treating!

Fun for the Whole Family:
Tour local National Weather Service (NWS) office
Meet the local NWS meteorologists
Learn how the weather radar works by viewing a working model NEXRAD
Watch a weather balloon release at 12pm
Tour various emergency vehicles from local fire departments, EMS, and law enforcement
Visit with local TV meteorologists and tour their storm chase vehicles (Birmingham & Montgomery stations)
Walk through exhibits from various local agencies & organizations
Learn about weather safety & preparedness
Grab some lunch from several local food trucks!

Special Activities for the Kids:
Trick-or-treating
Face painting
Pictures with Owlie Skywarn the NWS mascot
Kids’ booth with coloring sheets & cool weather experiments
Win chance to launch a weather balloon with Owlie! (Launch is scheduled for 12PM)

Event Information
What: 25th Anniversary Open House
Where: National Weather Service
465 Weathervane Rd Calera, AL
(Located at the Shelby County Airport)
When: Saturday, October 27th
Public Tours 10 AM – 3 PM
Admission is FREE!!

*No Smoking
**In the event of severe weather, the open house may need to be cancelled.
***No pets allowed. Service dogs permitted.
****No drugs, weapons, or alcohol of any kind allowed.

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Birmingham NWS Fall 2018 Spotter Courses

The Birmingham NWS office will present several online Basic Spotter Courses and a single Advanced Spotter Course this fall. These online classes allow individuals to complete the course(s) in the comfort of their own home or office with the use of https://www.join.me/ meeting site.

By attending any course, which runs about 2 hours, individuals or a group of individuals will become SKYWARN Spotters.

Unless you are in need of or just want to attend a refresher Course, you do not need to attend more than one Basic SKYWARN Course, as the material covered is the same; however it is required you to attend at least one Basic SKYWARN Course before taking the Advanced SKYWARN Course.

These courses are two-way, meaning you will be able to interact with the meteorologist leading the training. You will be muted while training is in-progress, and unmuted when applicable (e.g., for questions); or, you can use the built-in chat feature.

The current schedule is as follows:

Basic Class Tuesday, October 2 at 1:00 PM Online Use Session Code 935-938-747
Basic Class Wednesday, October 10 at 6:30 PM Online Use Session Code 492-321-695
Basic Class Thursday, October 18 at 1:00 PM Online Use Session Code 131-611-700
Basic Class Thursday, October 25 at 6:30 PM Online Use Session Code 725-905-971
Basic Class Tuesday, November 6 at 6:30 PM Online Use Session Code 471-316-027
Advanced Class Tuesday, November 14 at 6:30 PM Online Use Session Code 398-176-443

Enter the session code at https://www.join.me/

There will be two live Basic Classes this fall:

Basic Class Thursday, October 18 at 6:00 PM The Venue (old Kmart building)
201 George Wallace Drive
Gadsden, AL
Basic Class Thursday, November 8 at 6:00 PM Alabama Fire College
2501 Phoenix Drive
Tuscaloosa, AL

These classes will help you provide the NWS the vital “ground truth” information they need to verify radar indications, target their attention and help you relay reports in a clear manner to the NWS, either directly via the ……. number or via chat or amateur radio. This knowledge helps Skywarn Net Control stations filter reports, by giving them knowledge of what reporting stations are trying to describe. This way they can tell if the report is a valid report, an invalid report by an overly excited operator or a valid, but, poorly described report, which without this knowledge would be mistakenly dismissed.

For further information on these classes visit: http://www.weather.gov/bmx/skywarnschedule

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News Alert! – Fall Simulated Emergency Test
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Our Fall Simulated Emergency Test for 2018 will be held October 27, 2018, from 8am to noon. Some counties may elect to perform your SET on a different weekend and that’s ok too. Here are the details for our announced SET for 2018.

Calling all amateur operators across Alabama. This year’s fall Simulated Emergency Test (SET) will begin on Saturday, October 27th. Most county exercise nets start Saturday at 8:00 AM and wrap up by noon but the exercise will remain active until Sunday evening after the statewide Alabama simplex net (146.580) at 8 PM.

This year’s simulated emergency will be a familiar one – severe winter weather. The simulation will provide details of a statewide cold snap that follows a warm front producing our typical ice storm followed by a snow event that is predicted to last a few days. The storm will cause partial closings of most state interstates and loss of power across much of the state due to downed power lines. With limited access and loss of power, there will be increased pressure on the limited resources of first responders and the health care system from critical care hospitals to nursing homes and assisted living facilities. Shelters will be established across the state and amateur operators will simulate deployment to those facilities in their county as identified as a Served Agency by their County ARES leadership. All properly licensed operators are strongly encouraged to participate and to continue the states excellent record of participation. As you know in 2018 we again lead the country in participation scoring. While we are more interested in testing our capabilities and strengthening our relationships with our local agencies, it’s nice to be recognized as the leader in emergency communications.

We will have news and injects from the National Weather Services, state EMA and local served agencies throughout the exercise. Please check your equipment, be prepared and participate on October 27th.

Thanks everyone for your hard work for Alabama Amateur Radio.
——————————————————————–
ARRL Alabama Section
Section Manager: JVann Martin Sr, W4JVM
w4jvm@arrl.org

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The Night “They” Came

In the 1930’s the world of communications was much different than it is today. Television was still largely experimental. News and sports were obtained by newspapers, “newsreels” such as Fox Movietone News, which were short video news features presented in theatres preceding the matinee and via AM radio.

Dramatic “Live Breaking News” broadcasts as we know them today were in their infancy, having been born accidentally during the live broadcast of the arrival of the Zeppelin Hindenburg, which suddenly exploded in mid-air as reporter Herbert Morrison was describing its approach on May 6, 1937.

Hindenburg disaster: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iJpBOQSHwPU

AM radio of that time was comparable to Television of today. Featuring sports, music, news and a large variety of entertainment programs such as “soap operas”, so called because they were advertised by soap companies, westerns, which were jokingly called “horse operas”, mysteries and horror stories.

Those old shows, which are now called by collectors “OTR” or “Old Time Radio” still has an advantage over the visually based presentations we see today. These shows tapped into the deep recesses and realms of the mind. There is nothing as deep or dark as the hidden chambers, catacombs and caverns of human imagination. If one, as the old gospel song says were to “turn the lights down low and listen to the Master’s radio”, one can become absorbed into the stories in a way you cannot do today using visual media such as TV. For in your “mind’s eye” it can become “as real as real gets.”

You could taste the dust, as you walked the streets of Dodge City with Matt Dillon, laugh at the ridiculous antics you were “seeing” of the Marx Brothers, or feel genuine fear as you walked the misty waterfront and heard that maniacal “Song of the Slasher” as he walked away singing into the distance, with a dripping knife in one hand and another crumpled corpse laying in a dark alleyway, as you listened to “Inner Sanctum”.

It could make your skin crawl and might cause you to turn around as you could swear you saw a shadow on the wall or heard some mysterious and ominous bump somewhere, over there, in the shadows.

On one particular Sunday evening, a little after 7, if one had happened to tune to WAPI which carried CBS programming, one would have heard the last bit of weather report and then a music program start with Ramón Raquello and His Orchestra live from the Park Plaza in New York City.

Dance music cheerfully played away when suddenly the program was interrupted by a news flash about strange gas explosions having been observed on the planet Mars moving towards the Earth “at enormous velocities”, followed by a live interview by reporter Carl Phillips with Professor Richard Pierson of Princeton Observatory, who dismissed speculation about life on Mars, even though science books of that day did hint at possibilities if not probabilities that some form of life could or did exist on that distant reddish orb.

The musical program returns, but is soon interrupted again by news of a strange meteorite landing in Grover’s Mill, New Jersey. Phillips and Pierson are sent to the site and arriving find a large crowd of onlookers having gathered. The chaos and confusion is vividly described by Phillips who then spies the strange cylindrical object, which seems to be made of some sort of unknown metal. Then a portion of the cylinder suddenly starts to unscrew and open and a horrific, monstrous tentacled creature emerges, with “saliva dripping from its lipless mouth.”

As the police approach the creature waving a truce flag, some sort device appears which begins emitting a ray of light, which then becomes a jet of flame aimed at the advancing men. Suddenly the reporter shouts “Good Lord, they’re turning into flame!” and you hear the screams of agony, as the report suddenly goes dead.

An announcer explains that the remote broadcast was interrupted due to “some difficulty with our field transmission.”

As the broadcast continues there are live reports and dispatches of the futile military attempts to stop these invaders, who are being reinforced by other cylinders as they continue to fall.

Eventually, a news reporter, broadcasting from atop the “Broadcast Building” in New York City, describes the Martian invasion of the city – “five great machines” wading the Hudson “like men wading through a brook”, with poisonous black smoke drifting over the city, and people diving into the East River “like rats”, and others in Times Square “falling like flies”. He reads a final bulletin stating that Martian cylinders have fallen all over the country, then describes the smoke approaching down the street until in a coughing fit he falls silent, leaving only the sounds of the city under attack in the background.

The last words heard are a ham operator calling “2X2L calling CQ, New York. Isn’t there anyone on the air? Isn’t there anyone on the air? Isn’t there… anyone?”

Then there followed the announcement “You are listening to a CBS presentation of Orson Welles and the Mercury Theatre of the Air, in an original dramatization of The War of the Worlds by H. G. Wells. The performance will continue after a brief intermission.”

My, Mom, who was in her early 20’s saw my grandparents listening intently to the radio and asked “what is happening?” “Just a radio drama” they said. For they had heard the introduction which clearly stated “The Columbia Broadcast System and its affiliated stations present Orson Welles and the Mercury Theatre on the Air in the ‘The War Of The Worlds’ by H.G. Wells.”

Many however, tuned in just late enough to not hear the introduction and therefore thought this broadcast and the news bulletins were real.

Some modern historians and revisionists who like to “correct history” say “Historical research suggests the panic was far less widespread than newspapers had indicated at the time.”

Which is easy to say once the generation that witnessed the event is largely gone or unable to ask the simple question “where you there?” or perhaps in some cases more indelicately “what have you been smoking?”

I remember on more than one occasion my Mom watching TV presentations about historical events she had witnessed and lived through shaking her head and saying “I don’t know where they got that mess”, and then telling how it actually was during that time.

Indeed, I have seen historical events occur and then read accounts of these events ten or twenty years down the road that no more reflect what actually happened than the Man the Moon. For these reason I tend to doubt the doubters, and question the correctness of “corrected versions.”

That said, the New York Daily News reported “thousands of listeners rushed from their homes in New York and New Jersey, many with towels across their faces to protect themselves from the ‘gas’ which the invader was supposed to be spewing forth.

Simultaneously, thousands more in states that stretched west to California and south to the Gulf of Mexico rushed to their telephones to inquire of newspapers, the police, switchboard operators, and electric companies what they should do to protect themselves.

Eleven hundred calls flooded the switchboard at The News – more than when the dirigible Hindenburg exploded.

Churches in both New York and New Jersey were filled suddenly with persons seeking protection, and who found them, providentially, as they thought, open.

At St. Michaels Hospital, in Newark, fifteen persons were treated for shock.

In New York, police and fire departments and the newspapers were swamped with telephone calls from people, apparently frightened half out of their wits.

The telephone company also was deluged. The thing finally assumed such serious proportions that the Columbia Broadcasting System put bulletins on the air explaining that the ‘meteor’ broadcast was part of a play and that nothing untoward had happened.”

At the CBS studios it was said that “a few policemen trickled in, then a few more. Soon, the room was full of policemen and a massive struggle was going on between the police, page boys, and CBS executives, who were trying to prevent the cops from busting in and stopping the show.”

When news of the real-life panic leaked into the CBS studio, Welles went on the air as himself to remind listeners that it was just fiction.

In the days following, the uproar quickly died down.

The Federal Communications Commission investigated the program but found no law was broken. Networks did agree to be more cautious in their programming in the future. Welles feared that the controversy generated by “War of the Worlds” would ruin his career, but, instead it helped him land a contract with a Hollywood studio, and in 1941 he directed, wrote, produced, and starred in Citizen Kane—a movie that many have called the greatest American film ever made.

War Of The Worlds broadcast: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xs0K4ApWl4g
War Of The Worlds transcript: http://www.sacred-texts.com/ufo/mars/wow.htm

On November 12, 1944, the “War of the Worlds” broadcast was recreated in Chile. Broadcast from Santiago, the Chilean program created a public reaction similar to the American panic six years earlier. One governor in Chile was even reported to have mobilized troops to act against the alien invasion. It caused one death due to heart attack.

On February 12, 1949 in Ecuador, Radio Quito presented their version of the broadcast, which reportedly set off panic in the city. Police and fire brigades rushed out of town to engage the supposed alien invasion force. After it was revealed that the broadcast was fiction, the panic transformed into a riot. Hundreds attacked and burned the building and occupants where Radio Quito and El Comercio, a local newspaper that had participated in the hoax by publishing false reports of unidentified objects in the skies above Ecuador in the days preceding the broadcast were housed. The riot resulted in at least seven deaths.

Could a similar situation occur today? Absolutely!

The closest modern equivalent to a War of the Worlds type broadcast I have found is a YouTube presentation “Breaking News – US networks report ‘serious incident’ between Russia and NATO forces.”

In this video, BBC America is shown presenting a mundane program about people looking for antiques, when about 3 minutes into the program it is interrupted by “breaking news” and is switched to a feed from BBC News Headquarters and absolutely realistic looking reports begin flooding in of Russian and NATO naval forces exchanging direct fire after a Russian aircraft was shot down, “high ordinance explosions” being reported, and with things rapidly escalating as war spreads across Europe “a large explosion being reported at Beale AFB in California” with footage that looks absolutely real.

If one had this on their computer monitor and someone came in not knowing what was going on, they might easily think that they were seeing the beginnings of “the end” with the world rapidly unravelling at the seams.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YY30A3Nj41M

This year marks the eightieth anniversary of the October 30, 1938 broadcast that unintentionally left Orson Welles mark in history and made him legend at a ripe old age of 23.

There was no ill intent, or as Orson Welles explained at the end of the program: “This is Orson Welles, ladies and gentlemen, out of character to assure you that The War of The Worlds has no further significance than as the holiday offering it was intended to be. The Mercury Theatre’s own radio version of dressing up in a sheet and jumping out of a bush and saying Boo! Starting now, we couldn’t soap all your windows and steal all your garden gates by tomorrow night. . . so we did the best next thing. We annihilated the world before your very ears, and utterly destroyed the C. B. S. You will be relieved, I hope, to learn that we didn’t mean it, and that both institutions are still open for business. So goodbye everybody, and remember the terrible lesson you learned tonight. That grinning, glowing, globular invader of your living room is an inhabitant of the pumpkin patch, and if your doorbell rings and nobody’s there, that was no Martian – it’s Hallowe’en.”

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Mark’s Almanac

The tenth Month, October is so named because it is the eighth month on the Roman calendar. To the Slavs of Eastern Europe it is called “yellow month,” from the fading of the leaves, while to the Anglo-Saxons it was known as Winterfylleth, because at this full moon (fylleth) winter was supposed to begin.

By whichever name you call it, October is a mild and dry month, the driest of the year, in fact. And, it is a sunny month with the amount of possible sunshine reaching the ground in the 60% or greater range.

Weather shifts from autumn pattern to revisiting the summer pattern and back again. The Azores-Bermuda High shifts eastward into the Atlantic, but, leaves weakened high pressure centers over the Virginias, which still try to block out approaching fronts.

October is usually a quite month for tornadoes, with a 40% decrease in activity. Nationwide an average of 28 tornadoes occur in October and those tornadoes are usually weak.

Our Hurricane threat continues, with hurricane activity increasing during the first half of the month, concentrating in the Caribbean, both from formation in the Caribbean and from the long track Cape Verde hurricanes, which enter the Caribbean. And, we still have the little “gifts” that the Gulf of Mexico occasionally will provide.

Florida, due to its low latitude, becomes especially vulnerable to hurricanes. As Colorado State University researchers note, since 1851, Florida has endured 30 October hurricane landfalls, nearly triple the next highest state — Louisiana, which has had eight. Also, about 60 percent of all U.S. hurricanes that made landfall after September 26 have done so in Florida. One factor being the cold fronts of Fall penetrating the Gulf and then deflecting storms towards the West coast of Florida.

Luckily after the second half of the month the activity will begin a steady decrease.

28% of the year’s hurricanes occur in October.

From 1851 – 2017 there have been 339 Tropical Storms and 206 hurricanes, 56 of which made landfall in the United States.

Some notable October hurricanes are:

The Great Hurricane of 1780, also known as Huracán San Calixto, the Great Hurricane of the Antilles, and the 1780 Disaster, the deadliest Atlantic hurricane, which killed between 20,000 to 22, 000 people in the Lesser Antilles as it passed through from October 10 – 16, 1780. It is possible that it had winds in excess of 200 MPH when it reached Barbados.

Hurricane Hazel struck the Carolinas in 1954. Weather satellite did not yet exist and the Hurricane Hunters were unable to observe the core of the storm until it neared land on October 15. Hazel made landfall just west of the North Carolina/South Carolina border slightly northeast of Myrtle Beach, South Carolina with a Category 4 intensity of 130 mph.

Hurricane Wilma still holds the record as the most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded in the Atlantic Basin. In 24 hours Wilma went from a Category 1 storm on October 18 to a Category 5 storm with 185 MPH Maximum Sustained Winds. She weakened to Category 4 and struck the Yucatan, then restrengthened and struck Cape Romano Florida as a Category 3 storm on October 24, 2005.

Hurricane Mitch became a Category 1 hurricane on October 24, 1998 and within 48 hours grew to Category 5 intensity, and though he weakened to Category 1 before making landfall, he became the second deadliest hurricane on record killing over 11,000, with nearly that number missing in Central America due to intense rainfall and mudslides. He would eventually reach the United States making landfall near Naples Florida on November 5.

Beware of October hurricanes, for as Wilma and Mitch have demonstrated, they can experience explosive growth.

October Tropical Cyclone Breeding Grounds

This is the month for Alabama’s version of “Indian Summer’s” arrival.

Technically speaking Indian Summer doesn’t occur until “Squaw Winter” or the first frost arrives, but exact date when Indian Summer arrives varies with latitude.

We live in Alabama, and while the earliest frosts have been known to occur by October 17, they usually wait until November. So, we, in our milder climate call the first warm up after the first cool down “Indian Summer”.

The Yellow Giant Sulphur Butterflies are very noticeable as they continue to drift South-Southeast on their migration towards Florida. They prefer red things & if you have red flowers they will zero in on them.

The Monarchs also will be seen gliding by in their migration towards Central America.

Fall colors will become prominent & by late October & early November the leaves will be reaching their peak fall colors.

Days rapidly grow shorter as the Sun’s angle above the noonday horizon steadily decreases from 53.1 degrees at the beginning of the month to 42.2 degrees at the month’s end. Daylight decreases from 11 hours 50 minutes on October 1 to 10 hours 51 minutes on October 31.

Sunrise and sunset times for Birmingham are:

October 1 Sunrise 6:42 AM Sunset 6:32 PM
October 15 Sunrise 6:52 AM Sunset 6:14 PM
October 31 Sunrise 7:05 AM Sunset 5:56 PM

Looking towards the sky, Mercury is hidden by the Sun.

Venus shines at magnitude –4.7 very low in the west-southwest in evening twilight and sets before twilight is over. Don’t confuse it with Jupiter, which will probably catch your attention first. Venus is to Jupiter’s lower right, and brighter.
In a telescope Venus is a striking crescent, about 30% sunlit. For better telescopic seeing, catch it higher in a blue sky long before sunset. Though difficult to spot, Venus at times is bright enough to be seen in the daytime.
Venus will reach “Inferior Conjunction” on October 26.
An inferior conjunction occurs when the two planets lie in a line on the same side of the Sun. In an inferior conjunction, the superior planet, which in this case is Earth, is in “opposition”, or directly opposite of the Sun if it were seen from the inferior planet, in this case Venus.
If one could push aside the perpetual clouds of Venus, one would see a brilliant blue “star” in the Venusian midnight sky, which would be Earth.
Mars, in southern Capricornus, fades from magnitude –1.7 to –1.5. It shines highest in the south about an hour after dark and sets around 2 a.m.
A week ago as I drove home from work, having worked the night shift, I drove directly toward the setting gibbous Moon with Mars shining right beside her, which it being 1 AM, generated an oddly eerie feeling.
The dust in the Martian atmosphere continues to settle, allowing surface markings to show with slightly better contrast.
Jupiter, magnitude –1.9, in Libra shines ever lower in the southwest in twilight.
Saturn, magnitude +0.4, above the spout-tip of the Sagittarius Teapot glows yellow in the south at dusk, well to the right of brighter Mars. It’s Summer in Saturn’s Northern Hemisphere and his rings are near their maximum 27 degree tilt towards Earth. He sets by midnight.
Uranus shining at magnitude 5, near the Aries-Pisces border reaches Opposition October 23. It will be brighter than any other time of the year. This is the best time to view Uranus. However, due to its distance, it will only appear as a tiny blue-green dot in all but the most powerful telescopes. He will be well up in the East by late evening.

Neptune shining at magnitude 7.8, in Aquarius is well up in the southeast by late evening.

The Moon will be at Perigee or its closest approach to Earth on October 5, when she will be 227,668 miles from Earth.

The Draconid Meteor Shower will peak on October 8. This minor shower is produced by dust grains left behind by Comet 21P Giacobini-Zinner, which was discovered in 1900. This shower, which runs from October 6 – 10, is unusual in that it is best observed in the early evening, instead of the early morning hours as with most other showers.

This will be an excellent year to observe the Draconids because there will be no moonlight to spoil the show. Best viewing will be in the early evening from a dark location far away from city lights. Meteors will radiate from the constellation Draco, but can appear anywhere in the sky.

New Moon will occur October 8. The Moon will be located on the same side of the Earth as the Sun and will not be visible in the night sky. This phase occurs at 9:47 CDT or 3:47 UTC which in Greenwich England is the 9th. This is the best time of the month to observe faint objects such as galaxies and star clusters because there is no moonlight to interfere.

The Moon will be at Apogee or its farthest distance from Earth on October 17, when she will be 251175 miles from Earth.

The Orionid Meteor Shower peaks on October 21 & 22. The Orionids is an average shower producing up to 20 meteors per hour at its peak This shower, which runs from October 2 to November 7, is produced by the broad debris trail of Halley’s Comet. The crescent moon will set early in the evening leaving dark skies for what should be a good show. Best viewing will be from a dark location after midnight. Meteors will radiate from the constellation Orion, but can appear anywhere in the sky.

This is the time of year when the rich star clouds of the Milky Way in Cygnus crosses the zenith, looking like a ghostly band overhead in the hour after nightfall is complete. The Milky Way now rises straight up from the southwest horizon, passed overhead, and runs straight down to the northeast. Later at midnight, Orion the Hunter and the stars of winter rise over the eastern horizon, reminding us to enjoy the mild weather while it is here, for this season, as all seasons, is but a fleeting moment in the never ending waltz of time.

October’s Full Moon will occur October 24. The Moon will be directly opposite the Earth from the Sun and will be fully illuminated as seen from Earth. This phase occurs at 16:46 UTC or 11:46 AM CDT. This full moon was known by early Native American tribes as the Full Hunters Moon because at this time of year the leaves are falling and the game is fat and ready to hunt. This moon has also been known as the Travel Moon and the Blood Moon.

3791 planets beyond our solar system have now been confirmed as of September 27, per NASA’s Exoplanet Archive http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/.

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This month’s meeting will be on October 9 at 7PM at the National Weather Service Forecast office at the Shelby County Airport.

If for some reason you cannot attend the meeting in person, you can still participate via telephone. The teleconference number is 1-877-951-0997 & and the participant code is 741083.
Hope to see you there!
Mark / WD4NYL
Editor
ALERT Newsletter

www.freewebs.com/weatherlynx/

Mark’s Weatherlynx
Weather Resource Database

Hi everyone,

Though the temperature and certainly the humidity aren’t betraying the secret, Fall is soon approaching.

Already the grass is growing slower and the leaves are starting to look weathered and worn. Soon the Fall season and the events that come with it will arrive and we will enjoy the not too hot, not too cold days of the Goldilocks of seasons.

Football, camping, cookouts and a slight crispness in the air – do I sound like I am ready for it?

Whatever you are looking forward to, I hope you have a fun safe late Summer / Early Fall Season.

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Tempests, Trials & Tribulations

Early last month the Central Pacific was the temporary home to Hurricane Hector, a Category 4 storm that passed South of Hawaii. The name may have sounded familiar, for Hector, as it turns out, was quite a world traveler, having already visited the British Isles in early June.

Now how did Hector manage to do this feat? Hector cloned himself of course.

Or perhaps there is another explanation.

Beginning in 2017, the UK Met Office, the United Kingdom’s national weather service and its Irish counterpart Met Eireann decided to follow the US system of giving male and female names to tropical storms and hurricanes and began naming North Atlantic Storms or “Tempests” to make people more aware of the severe weather and help them prepare in advance.

Surveys showed people were more aware of the threat and more likely to take action after hearing the name of a storm, rather than a forecast simply saying that bad weather was on the way. For example, 89 per cent of people said they were aware of the approaching Storm Doris – which wreaked havoc in February 2017 – and 94 per cent said warnings were useful.

These storms will be given a name if it has the potential to cause an “Amber – Be Prepared” or “Red – Take Action” warning for the people of Britain and Ireland.

In the winter season of 2016/17, the names included Angus, Barbara, Conor and Doris.

The Met Office and Met Eireann’s joint list of names for 2017/2018 includes a total of 21 names which were chosen after being whittled down from more than 10,000 suggestions submitted by the public. One name was picked for each letter of the alphabet, apart from Q, U, X, Y and Z, those letters being omitted to ensure consistency for official storm naming in the North Atlantic, to reduce confusion for fellow weather experts, sea captains and pilots.

Those 21 names are: Aileen, Brian, Caroline, Dylan, Eleanor, Fionn (pronounced F-yunn), Georgina, Hector, Iona, James, Karen, Larry, Maeve, Niall (pronounced Nye-al), Octavia, Paul, Rebecca, Simon, Tali, Victor & Winifred.

If a storm has already been named by another meteorological agency, it will retain that name. For instance, it is not uncommon for a Tropical system named by the National Hurricane Center to recurve Northeast and remain intact as a storm and reach the British Isles.

The naming of storms of course isn’t a new idea, the Great Flood of Noah, being perhaps the oldest example of a named storm.

One curious thing to ponder upon, whether you believe the Biblical story or not, is that it is interesting that so many cultures and religions from the ancient Sumerians, Hindus, Greeks, Chinese, Norse, Mayan, Native American and even the Aboriginal peoples of Australia have legends of some sort a great flood, usually caused by divine interaction and many featuring a ship being built as a refuge for the remnants of mankind.

Are the legends merely coincidences or are they based on faded memories of a common event, memories almost lost in the mists of antiquity from the prehistoric days before mankind overspread the world in, as the Aborigines call them “the Dream Times” of early man?

Moving to more recent times, no record exists of the names of the Category 4 or 5 Hurricanes that geological evidence indicate struck Mobile Bay in 830 & 1140 AD, but, I imagine the Native America’s who endured these storms called them a name or two.

The earliest report of a Hurricane came from Christopher Columbus, who encountered a Hurricane during his second voyage to Hispaniola in September 1494.

Early West Indies Tropical Storms were named after the particular Saint’s day on which the storm occurred. For instance, “Hurricane San Roque of 1508”, which was the first recorded Tropical Cyclone in Puerto Rico.

As the centuries progressed this tradition would continue, with storms being named because of their intensity, such as the “Great Hurricane of 1722” which destroyed New Orleans, the location affected, as with the “Great Galveston Hurricane Of 1900” or for the holiday it fell on, such as the “Labor Day Hurricane of 1935”, the most intense hurricane ever to make landfall in the United States, which struck the Florida Keys.

In the 1880’s and 1890’s Australian Meteorologist Clement Wragge began assigning names to Australia’s Tropical Cyclones. His original idea was to name them after the letters of the Greek alphabet, but, he later used names from Polynesian mythology and politicians, not necessarily for complementary reasons.

In addition to politicians who annoyed him, he used colorful names such as Xerxes, Hannibal, Blasatus and Teman.

Wragge’s Queensland weather office closed in 1903, but, his memory lived on. Especially with author George R. Stewart, who wrote a 1941 novel called “Storm”, in which a junior meteorologist named Pacific extratropical storms after former girlfriends. This novel was widely read, especially by US Army Air Corps and Navy meteorologists during World War II.

One version of how the modern naming of storms began is that during World War II US military meteorologists plotting storms over the Pacific ran into a problem. Where they had had no big problems plotting fronts, highs, lows and an occasional Typhoon, they found themselves having to plot two Typhoons at once. How were they to distinguish one Typhoon from the other in dispatches? They decided to stick them with names, as in Stewart’s novel, and began naming them after girlfriends and wives.

In 1945, the Armed Services publicly adopted a list of women’s names for Typhoons of the Western Pacific using the names of wives of officers assigned to forward forecast centers on Guam and the Philippines.

However, they were unable to persuade the U.S. Weather Bureau to adopt a similar practice for Atlantic Hurricanes.

Starting in 1947, the Air Force Hurricane Office in Miami began designating Tropical Cyclones of the North Atlantic Ocean using the old Army/Navy phonetic alphabet i.e., Able, Baker Charlie and so forth in internal communications.

In 1950 three Hurricanes occurred simultaneously in the Atlantic basin, which caused considerable confusion. To remedy this Grady Norton of the US Weather Bureau’s Miami Hurricane Warning Center decided to use the Air Force’s naming system in public bulletins and end of season summaries. The press soon caught on and started using these names, and the practice proved to be popular.

A new international phonetic alphabet was adopted in 1952, with the familiar Alpha, Beta, Charlie style which is commonly used today. To avoid confusion the US Weather Bureau switched to the Armed Forces system of using women’s names, which was both controversial and popular.

Using the US example other meteorological entities then began similar practices for naming storms in the Tropical Cyclone Basins under their jurisdiction.

In 1978, the current system that alternates between men’s and women’s names was adopted, following the practice used by Australia’s Bureau of Meteorology, which brings us to 2018.

Tropical Cyclone names for all basins may be found at https://www.nhc.noaa.gov/aboutnames.shtml and https://public.wmo.int/en/About-us/FAQs/faqs-tropical-cyclones/tropical-cyclone-naming

Then we come to the touchy subject of naming winter storms. Winter storms have been unofficially named since the mid 1700’s as a way to describe historic storms, beginning with “The Great Snow of 1717”, which dumped five feet of snow on the colonies of Virginia and New England in 1717.

In the 2010’s The Weather Channel and other media outlets began tagging their own names on winter storms

In November 2012, The Weather Channel began systematically naming winter storms, starting with the November 2012 nor’easter it named “Winter Storm Athena.” The Weather Channel compiled a list of winter storm names for the 2012–13 winter season, including Athena, Brutus, Caesar, Gandolf, Khan, and Nemo.

The Weather Channel Senior Director Bryan Norcross said “It would only name those storms that are ‘disruptive’ to people”. The reasoning being that the names help people with preparation.

Their decision was met with criticism from other weather forecasters, including NOAA, who does no acknowledge these names and in a November 2012 memo requested that its employees avoid referring to storms by name.

NWS spokesperson Susan Buchanan stated, “The National Weather Service does not name winter storms because a winter storm’s impact can vary from one location to another, and storms can weaken and redevelop, making it difficult to define where one ends and another begins.”

AccuWeather, a commercial weather forecasting service, also disagrees with the practice of naming winter storms. AccuWeather President Joel N. Myers stated in February 2013, “The Weather Channel has confused media spin with science and public safety. We […] have found this is not good science and will mislead the public.”

In defense of The Weather Channel’s practice, The Weather Channel’s Norcross said, “The fact is, a storm with a name is easier to follow, which will mean fewer surprises and more preparation.”

AccuWeather meteorologist Tom Kines counters, “The Weather Channel probably names the storms because it gets the publicity”. In other words, they hype them for marketing reasons and ratings.

Whether it’s a good idea or just plain monkey business, I don’t know, and I won’t speculate either. For as a sweet lady once taught me “a wise monkey never monkey’s with another monkey’s monkey”, so this monkey isn’t going to go monkeying around with it.

Or as the old saying goes “Though I am tempted to do so, Wisdom whispers otherwise and sometimes I actually will heed Her silken voice.”

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Mark’s Almanac

September is the ninth month of the year and the seventh month of the Roman calendar, which is where the month gets its name.

Temperatures are still hot at the beginning of the month, but, by months end, fall will definitely be felt.

Noticeable in September will be the thickening of the cat’s fur, as she begins growing her winter coat & the drift of Yellow Giant Sulphur Butterflies as they migrate towards Florida.

Weather starts shifting from the summer to autumn pattern and then back again. Storm activity resembles the August pattern, but the Bermuda High starts shifting southward and begins weakening, which weakens the blocking effect that has hampered fronts attempting to invade from the northwest.

September is the peak of the hurricane season, the actual peak being on September 10. This peak coincides with the time of “syzygy”, when the effects of the solar and lunar gravity and autumnal equinox combine to provide the highest astronomical tides of the year. Add a hurricane’s storm surge on top of this and you can have incredibly destructive flooding.

From 1851 – 2017 there have been 584 Tropical Storms and 404 hurricanes, 111 of which made landfall in the United States.

Some notable September hurricanes are:

The Galveston Hurricane of 1900, which was a Category 4 Storm whose storm surge overwhelmed Galveston Island, killing 8000 people, and is still the deadliest weather disaster in US history.

The Labor Day Hurricane of 1936, the most intense storm to strike the US, was a Category 5 storm which moved through the Florida Keys and along West Florida, overturning trains and literally sandblasting people to death.

Camille, a category 5 storm, and the second most intense storm to hit the US, which devastated Mississippi and Louisiana in 1969.

Andrew was a category 5 storm which devastated South Florida in 1992. The ruins of buildings destroyed are still visible today.

Opal, which weakened to a category 3 storm just before striking near Pensacola and then moving into and maintaining hurricane strength deep into Alabama as it crossed the length of the state in in 1995.

Ivan, the category 3 storm which struck Alabama & Florida in 2004, caused tremendous damage to Gulf Shores and extensive damage to the state’s electrical grid. At the height of the outages, Alabama Power reported 489,000 subscribers had lost electrical power—roughly half of its subscriber base.

Katrina, which weakened from a category 5 storm to a category 3 storm at landfall near Buras Louisiana in 2005. This storm caused catastrophic damage to Louisiana and Mississippi, parts of which are still being rebuilt to this day.

Rita, a category 3 storm which struck the Texas – Louisiana border in 2005, and, despite the distance, dropped 22 tornadoes over Western Alabama.

Wilma, the strongest Atlantic Basin hurricane with 185 MPH winds, weakened slightly before hitting the Yucatan Peninsula, and then strengthening to a category 3 storm before striking near Cape Romano Florida in 2005. Wilma would be the last major hurricane to strike the US until Harvey 12 years later.

September Tropical Cyclone Breeding Grounds

Days continue to grow shorter as the Sun’s angle above the noonday horizon steadily decreases from 64.6 degrees at the beginning of the month to 53.5 degrees at the month’s end. Daylight decreases from 12 hours 51 minutes on August 1 to 11 hours 52 minutes on August 31.

Sunrise and sunset times for Birmingham are:

September 1 Sunrise 6:21 AM Sunset 7:12 PM
September 15 Sunrise 6:31 AM Sunset 6:53 PM
September 31 Sunrise 6:40 AM Sunset 6:33 PM

Looking skyward, we find a unique occurrence in progress. Through the first week of September all eight planets, all five named dwarf planets and all 182 moons in the solar system are located on one side of the solar system.

This is called “maximus lopsiditus”, or at least it should be. Other than possibly tugging the Sun’s trek through the Milky Way slightly to one side, it has no major significance other than being a cool factoid.

Looking at the planets, Mercury, magnitude 0, the swiftest planet, is visible in the predawn below Gemini The Twins, rises 45 minutes before sunrise and will brighten to magnitude -1 as he reaches Perihelion, or his closest approach to the Sun on September 2.

He will then begin sinking towards the Sunset and pass behind the Sun reaching “Superior Conjunction” on September 20, when Mercury and the Earth will be on opposite sides of the sun.

Venus, magnitude –4.5, shines low in the west in twilight. In a telescope Venus is just on the crescent side of dichotomy or being half-lit. For the best telescopic view catch Venus as early as you can, preferably long before sunset while she is still high.

Mars, magnitude -2.3 at the border of Sagittarius and Capricorn is gradually fading and growing smaller as he moves away from the Earth. He rises higher in the southeast earlier in the evening and is at its highest in the south around 11 PM CDT and is still blazing red. Mars will reach Perihelion or his closest approach to the Sun on September 16.

Though Mars is not and never will be the same size of the Full Moon, as the recurring internet rumor states, I would take advantage of viewing Mars while he is still as large as he is, for he won’t appear this big again until 2035.

Jupiter, his 67 moons and thin rings shines at magnitude –2.0 in Libra in the Southwest in twilight.

Saturn, his 62 moons and massive rings glows yellow at magnitude +0.3 in the South at above the Sagittarius Teapot at nightfall.

Uranus, magnitude 5.8, is at the Aries-Pisces border; well up in the East by Midnight.

Neptune, magnitude 7.8, in Aquarius is well up in the Southeast by Midnight. Neptune will be at Opposition, or his closes approach to Earth or 2,689,200,000 miles on September 7.

The Moon will be at Perigee or its closest approach to Earth on September 7, when she will be 224,536 miles from Earth.

New Moon occurs September 9 at 1:01 PM CDT or 18:01 UTC when the Moon will on the same side of the Earth as the Sun and will not be visible in the night sky. This is the best time of the month to observe faint objects such as galaxies and star clusters because there is no moonlight to interfere.

The Moon will be at Apogee or its farthest distance from Earth on August 23, when she will be 251578 miles from Earth.

Fall begins at Autumnal Equinox on September 22 at 8:54 PM CDT or 1:54 UTC, when the Sun crosses directly over the equator and night and day is approximately the same length throughout the world. For the Southern Hemisphere it is Vernal Equinox, the first day of Spring.

One term that occasionally pops up is “equinoctial storms”. Which are severe storms in North America and the UK that supposedly accompany the vernal and autumnal equinoxes. Where this belief originated is obscure. Some say perhaps from the 1700’s when sailors were greeted by West Indies hurricanes, or due to the coincidence of the first fall severe storms sometimes coming in the latter half of September. At any rate, statistics show no evidence to support the belief.

On this date, if there is sufficient solar activity, and you are away from city lights, the aurora may possibly be seen, as the Equinox dates are the two most favored times of the year for auroral sightings.

September’s Full Moon will occur September 25 at 9:53 PM CDT or 2:53 UTC. This month’s moon is “Full Corn Moon” in Native American folklore because corn is harvested this time of year.

This year it is also “Harvest Moon”. Harvest moon get its name because the moon is larger and seems to rise at almost the same time every night, which allowed harvesting to continue on into the night.

Most believe that Harvest Moon is always in September; however this isn’t always the case. Harvest Moon is actually the full moon closest to the Autumnal Equinox, and so occasionally it can occur with October “Hunters Moon”.

High in the Southern night sky an asterism or a group of stars appearing clustered together, but not actually gravitationally bound will be seen that resembles a teapot. This is the Teapot of Sagittarius.

To the naked eye, the Teapot is roughly the size of your fist at arm’s length. Above the spout of the Teapot lies a band of light, the Large Sagittarius Star Cloud. A pair of binoculars will reveal a sea of stars and faint grayish patches, the largest of which is the Lagoon Nebula. When you look upon these nebulae you are seeing stars in the process of being born.

The spout, which is tilting and pouring to the right, also points towards the galactic center of the Milky Way, located just beyond the Large Sagittarius Star cloud, but largely hidden by the dust clouds, which lie along the plane of the Sagittarius arm of the galaxy.

3778 planets beyond our solar system have now been confirmed as of August 23, per NASA’s Exoplanet Archive http://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/.

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This month’s meeting will be on September 11 at 7PM at the National Weather Service Forecast office at the Shelby County Airport.

If for some reason you cannot attend the meeting in person, you can still participate via telephone. The teleconference number is 1-877-951-0997 & and the participant code is 741083.
Hope to see you there!
Mark / WD4NYL
Editor
ALERT Newsletter

www.freewebs.com/weatherlynx/

Mark’s Weatherlynx
Weather Resource Database